Consequently, the country faced a famine that resulted in the death of nearly 1 million people from 1984 to 1986. Typhus: The Army’s Disease. The government mobilized farmers and organized "food for work" projects to build terraces and plant trees. Pulses, grown widely at all altitudes from sea level to about 3,000 meters, are more prevalent in the northern and central highlands. Villagization in Ethiopia began as a regional operation in Bale during the Ethio-somalia war in 1977/78. However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. But Since the last two decades, there has been a complete and dynamic change in the history of Ethiopia's agriculture. In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. has history of 1500 Yrs. "The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues Series", "National Statistical Abstract. Demand for vegetables has stimulated truck farming around the main urban areas such as Addis Ababa and Asmera. Production jumped from 43,500 tons in 1974/75 to 74,900 tons in 1984/85. Some two million people are added to the population every year. 1,2 In the country, one-third of rural households cannot produce adequate food to meet their subsistence needs as they cultivate less than half hectares of land per capita. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. Ethiopia faces two horizons in the scale-up of its irrigation sector: in the near term – over the next five years of PASDEP II – it will need to scale irrigated agriculture to 1.8 million hectares of land. Such wide price variations created food shortages because farmers as well as private merchants withheld crops to sell on the black market at higher prices.[5]. Although historical, anthropological, and linguistic studies exist for this region, the gaps in our knowledge are great. About 70 percent of the cattle in 1987 were in the highlands (commonly involved in transhumance),[24] and the remaining 30 percent were kept by nomadic pastoralists in the lowland areas. Ethiopia’s population is estimated to be 77 million, second only to Nigeria in sub-Saharan Africa (Maddux, 2006). Agriculture. In early 1990, the government essentially abandoned villagization when it announced new economic policies that called for free-market reforms and a relaxation of centralized planning. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1965 and 1973, while population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent during the same period. [19] It is estimated to number over 150 million in 2007/2008. In the 1980s, as part of an effort to increase production and to improve the cultivation and harvesting of coffee, the government created the Ministry of Coffee and Tea Development (now the ECTA), which was responsible for production and marketing. The Awash River basin supports many large-scale commercial farms and several irrigated small farms. [5], In 1984 the founding congress of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) emphasized the need for a coordinated strategy based on socialist principles to accelerate agricultural development. Printed from Oxford Research Encyclopedias, African History. agricultural extension service delivery in Ethiopia has its impact on the development of country. Coffee fetches the largest foreign exchange. However, these cattle do relatively well under the traditional production system. [5], The consumption of vegetables and fruits is relatively limited, largely because of their high cost. A 1979 study showed that around Addis Ababa individual holdings ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 hectares and that about 48 percent of the parcels were less than one-fourth of a hectare in size. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Typhus: The Army’s Disease. ", Tables D.4 – D.7. [5], Agricultural productivity under the Derg continued to decline. [28] These tools includes sickle, pick axe, plough shaft, ploughshare, plow, beam and animal force as a machines. There is successive development in agricultural productivity. Consequently, Ethiopia became a net importer of grain worth about 243 million Birr annually from 1983/84 to, 1987/88. Agriculture accounted for 46.3% of GDP, 83.9% of exports, and 80% of the labor force in 2006 and 2007, compared to 44.9%, 76.9% and 80% in 2002/2003, and agriculture remains the Ethiopian economy's most important sector. 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